Layered architecture: 3 Layered with example
1. What is Layered Architecture?
1. Layered design is a program plan design that organizes a framework into layers, where each layer has a particular obligation and interatomicas it were with adjoining layers. This approach advances measured quality, adaptability, and maintainability.
2. “Layered architecture in a computer network is a design framework that divides network communication function into distinct layers Each layer is responsible for a specific subset for tasks and interacts only with the layers directly above or below it “
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Why Utilize Layered Architecture?
Separation of Concerns: Each layer has a well-defined part, making the framework less demanding to understand.
Scalability: It permits engineers to scale person layers without influencing the whole system.
Maintainability: Changes in one layer can be made with negligible effect on others.
Reusability: Common functionalities can be reused over diverse parts of the application.
Testability: Unit testing gets to be more reasonable as layers are independent.
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Layers in Layered Architecture
Typically, a framework utilizing layered engineering comprises of the taking after layers:
1. Introduction Layer (UI Layer)
The highest layer is mindful of client interactions.
Handles client input, and design information, and shows the output.
Example: Web pages (HTML, CSS, JavaScript), Versatile Apps (Android/iOS UI).
2. Application Layer (Benefit Layer)
Contains the commerce rationale and rules of the application.
Processes client demands and communicates with the information layer.
Example: API administrations, Trade rules, and Controllers in MVC architecture.
3. TradeRationale Layer (Space Layer)
Implements center usefulness and trade rules.
Ensures that information is handled according to trade requirements.
Example: A bank’s intrigued calculation system.
4. InformationGet to Layer (Determination Layer)
Handles communication with databases or outside information sources.
Manages CRUD (Make, Studied, Upgrade, Erase) operations.
Example: SQL questions, ORM systems like Sleep, Substance Framework.
5. Database Layer (Capacity Layer)
The foot layer where information is put away permanently.
Can be social (MySQL, PostgreSQL) or non-relational (MongoDB, Cassandra).
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Sorts of Layered Architecture
1. Two-Tier Architecture
Only has two layers:
1. Introduction Layer (Client)
2. Database Layer (Server)
Example: A desktop application specifically connected with a database.
2. Three-Tier Architecture
Only has three layers:
1. Introduction Layer (UI)
2. Application Layer (Trade Logic)
3. Information Layer (Database)
Example: A web application with a frontend, backend, and database.
3. N-Tier Design (Multi-Tier)
Extends three-tier engineering with more specialized layers.
Example: A venture framework with caching, API portals, and microservices.
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Focal Points of Layered Architecture
✅ Measured quality: Simpler to oversee and update.
✅ Versatility: Bolster’s large-scale applications.
✅ Reusability: Components can be reused in different applications.
✅ Security: Each layer can execute its claim security mechanisms.
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Drawbacks of Layered Architecture
❌ Execution Overhead: Extra layers may moderate the system.
❌ Complexity: More layers can increment plan complexity.
❌ Unbending Structure: In some cases, layers make superfluous dependencies.
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Best Hones for Executing Layered Architecture
Keep layers autonomous to maintain a strategic distance from tight coupling.
Follow the Single DutyRule (SRP) for each layer.
Use RelianceInfusion (DI) for superior maintainability.
Implement legitimate API contracts between layers.
Optimize database inquiries to diminish execution bottlenecks.
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Illustrations of Layered Architecture
Example 1: E-Commerce Website
- Presentation Layer: React.js frontend
- Business Layer: Spring Boot services
- Data Get to Layer: Sleep ORM
- Database Layer: MySQL
Example 2: Keeping money System
- Presentation Layer: Portable app (Flutter)
- Business Layer: Node.js API
- Data Get to Layer: Sequelize ORM
- Database Layer: PostgreSQL
Benefits of a Layered Architecture:
Simplified design: Developers can focus on one layer without understanding the entire network.
scalability: new technologies and protocols can be integrated more easily.
Troubleshooting: problem can be isolated to specific layers, simplifying network diagnostics.
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What is Physical Layer Functionality in Computer Networks?
The Physical Layer is the foundational layer of the OSI model, responsible for transmitting raw binary data over a physical medium. Its key functionalities include:
- Bit Transmission: Converts data into binary signals and transmits them via electrical, optical, or wireless signals.
- Medium Specifications: Defines the physical characteristics of transmission media like cables (coaxial, fiber optic) and wireless channels to ensure efficient signal propagation.
- Signal Encoding and Modulation: Determines how data is encoded into signals, such as voltage levels or light pulses, making it suitable for transmission.
- Synchronization: Ensures synchronization between the sender and receiver for accurate signal interpretation.
- Transmission Modes: Manages communication types, including simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex transmission.
- Error Detection (Physical Issues): Identifies physical transmission issues like signal attenuation or distortion but does not handle logical error correction.
- Topology and Interfaces: Defines physical network layouts (e.g., bus, star topology) and the connection interfaces between devices and media.
What is Data Link Layer Functionality in Computer Networks?
The Data Link Layer, the second layer of the OSI model, ensures reliable data transfer between directly connected devices. Its core functions include:
- Framing: Segments network layer data into frames for efficient transmission.
- Error Detection and Correction: Ensures data integrity by identifying and fixing transmission errors using techniques like checksums or CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check).
- Flow Control: Regulates data flow to prevent overwhelming the receiver with excessive information.
- Medium Access Control (MAC): Determines how multiple devices share and access the physical medium, preventing data collisions in shared networks like Ethernet.
- Addressing: Uses MAC addresses to identify devices on the network and ensure correct frame delivery.
- Link Management: Establishes, maintains, and terminates connections between network devices for smooth communication.
- Reliable Delivery: Ensures data frames reach their destination in the correct order without duplication, depending on the protocol in use (e.g., Ethernet, Wi-Fi).
Conclusion
Layered engineering is an effective plan design that guarantees seclusion, versatility, and viability. In any case, it ought to be executed with the best hones to dodge superfluous complexity and execution issues. For large-scale frameworks, cutting-edge structures like microservices may be more appropriate.
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